REVIEW

Biotechnological Routes to Pyruvate Production
Ping Xu, Jianhua Qiu, Chao Gao, and Cuiqing Ma

RESEARCH PAPERS

ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Four-Base Codon-Mediated Saturation Mutagenesis in a Cell-Free Translation System
Takayoshi Watanabe, Norihito Muranaka, and Takahiro Hohsaka

Another Multiheme Protein, Hydroxylamine Oxidoreductase, Abundantly Produced in an Anammox Bacterium Besides the Hydrazine-Oxidizing Enzyme
Munetaka Shimamura, Takashi Nishiyama, Kazutaka Shinya, Yuka Kawahara, Kenji Furukawa, and Takao Fujii

Rational Screening of Antibodies and Design of Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay on the Basis of a Kinetic Model
Dong Hwan Choi, Yoshio Katakura, Kazuaki Ninomiya, and Suteaki Shioya

Synthesis and Degradation of Acyl Peptide Using Enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nazneen Naher Islam, Koichi Igarashi, Taro Tachibana, Hiroshi Ooshima, and Masayuki Azuma

MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Formaldehyde Elimination with Formaldehyde and Formate Oxidase in Membrane of Acetic Acid Bacteria
Emiko Shinagawa, Hirohide Toyama, Kazunobu Matsushita, Pravate Tuitemwong, Gunjana Theeragool, and Osao Adachi

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Dynamics of Sustainable Grazing Fauna and Effect on Performance of Gas Biofilter
Krishnakumar Bhaskaran, Anupama Vijayakumari Nadaraja, Manilal Vattackatt Balakrishnan, and Ajit Haridas

Bioethanol Production from Xylose by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expressing Xylose Reductase, NADP⁺-dependent Xylitol Dehydrogenase, and Xylulokinase
Akinori Matsushika, Seiya Watanabe, Tsutomu Kodaki, Keisuke Makino, and Shigeki Sawayama

BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Production of Extracellular Bifidogenic Growth Stimulator (BGS) from Propionibacterium shermanii Using a Bioreactor System with a Microfiltration Module and an On-line Controller for Lactic Acid Concentration
Tomoaki Kouya, Kazuhiro Tobita, Masahito Horiuchi, Eri Nakayama, Hiroyoshi Deguchi, Takaaki Tanaka, and Masayuki Taniguchi

Optimization of Gellan Gum Production by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 31461 with Nonionic Surfactants Using Central Composite Design
Santhiagu Arockiasamy and Rathindra Mohan Banik

Effect of Light Intensity and Frequency of Flashing Light from Blue Light Emitting Diodes on Astaxanthin Production by Haematococcus pluvialis
Tomohisa Katsuda, Hironori Shiraishi, Naoki Ishizu, Reza Ranjbar, and Shigeo Katoh

Optimization of Critical Medium Components Using Response Surface Methodology for Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Production by Pseudomonas sp. M-18Q
Li-Li Yuan, Ya-Qian Li, Yi Wang, Xue-Hong Zhang, and Yu-Quan Xu

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Mass Propagation and Essential Oil Analysis of Artemisia vulgaris
Sujatha Govindaraj, Bollipo Diana Ranjitha Kumari, Pier Luigi Cioni, and Guido Flamini

Improved Production of Ginsenosides in Suspension Cultures of Ginseng by Medium Replenishment Strategy
Cheol-Seung Jeong, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Eun-Joo Hahn, and Kee-Yoeup Paek

The 5'-Untranslated Region of the Oryza sativa Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Functions as a Translational Enhancer in Monocotyledonous Plant Cells
Tadatoshi Sugio, Junko Satoh, Hideyuki Matsuura, Atsuhiko Shinmyo, and Ko Kato

CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

The Mixed Coculture Effect of Primary Rat Hepatocytes and Bone Marrow Cells Is Caused by Soluble Factors Derived from Bone Marrow Cells
Hiroyuki Ijima, Takeshi Matsuo, and Koei Kawakami

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Effective Cell Separation Utilizing Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Grafted Polypropylene Membrane Containing Adsorbed Antibody
Aiko Okamura, Taeko Hagiwara, Souko Yamagami, Manae Yamaguchi, Toshio Shinbo, Toshiyuki Kanamori, Satoshi Kondo, Keishi Miwa, and Ichiro Itagaki

BIOINFORMATICS

Modified Fuzzy Gap Statistic for Estimating Preferable Number of Clusters in Fuzzy k-Means Clustering
Chinatsu Arima, Kazumi Hakamada, Masahiro Okamoto, and Taizo Hanai

METHODS

Identification of HLA-A24-Restricted Epitopes with High Affinities to Hsp70 Using Peptide Arrays
Mina Okochi, Hiroki Hayashi, Akira Ito, Ryuji Kato, Yasuaki Tamura, Noriyuki Sato, and Hiroyuki Honda

Fluorescence Labeling of a Cytokine with Desthiobiotin-Tagged Fluorescent Puromycin
Akihiko Sakamoto, Mai Yamagishi, Takafumi Watanabe, Youichi Aizawa, Takashi Kato, and Takashi Funatsu

Quantitative Analysis of Anionic Metabolites for Catharanthus roseus by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Sulfonated Capillary Coupled with Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Kazuo Harada, Yohko Ohyama, Tetsuya Tabushi, Akio Kobayashi, and Eiichiro Fukusaki

ERRATUM

Two-Dimensional DNA Gel Electrophoresis Mapping: a Novel Approach to Diversity Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Environmental Soil
Guohua Liu, Takashi Amemiya, and Kiminori Itoh